Gynecologic Cancers
Comprehensive women’s cancer care
Gynecologic cancer includes cancers that start in a woman’s reproductive system. There are approximately 100,000 new cases in the United States annually, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
About female reproductive cancers
The five main types are endometrial (uterine), ovarian, cervical, vaginal and vulvar.
- Endometrial cancer occurs in the lining of the uterus and is the most common
- Ovarian cancers are the next most common cause the most deaths
- Cervical cancer begins in the cervix and is the only gynecological cancer with a screening test
- Vaginal cancer is rare and begins in the birth canal
- Vulvar cancer, also rare, begins in the outer part of the female genitalia
Risk Factors
Risk factors vary per type of cancer. However, some common risk factors may increase your chances of getting a gynecological cancer, including:
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
- Obesity
- Smoking
- High-fat diet
- Family history
- Previous history of breast or gynecological cancer
- Diabetes
- HIV infection or weakened immune system
- Age (over 60)
You may want to consider genetic counseling if you have a family history of ovarian cancer.
Learn more about genetic counseling and testing here
Prevention and Early Detection
Gynecological cancers found early are highly treatable and some are preventable. Here are some ways you can be proactive:
- Get a regular Pap test and annual physical exam
- Ask your doctor about the HPV vaccine (recommended for everyone age 11-26)
- Know your family health history
- Listen to your body. Report anything unusual to your doctor
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Diagnosis
Regular exams will help your doctor identify if more diagnostic tests are needed. If they suspect cancer, you may undergo:
Treatment and Therapies
Your doctor will provide information about your treatment options, so you can decide what methods are best for you and your individual situation.
Your treatment will depend on a number of things — your overall level of health, extent of disease and how your body handles the different therapies. Treatment options may include:
Related Information
Women Don’t Talk About it but They Should Know About it: Gynecological Cancer
Compared to other cancers gynecologic cancer is relatively rare, but it is still important for women to know about it and take action for prevention and treatment. Some forms of it can be prevented by taking simple steps.
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Bleeding After Menopause: Know What's Not Normal
Bleeding after menopause should always be checked out. Gynecologic oncologist Dr. Kathryn Kennedy explains why even a single spot warrants a call to your doctor. Learn what to watch for, when to speak up and how today’s treatments are helping women live longer, healthier lives.
Listen to Podcast
Gynecologic Cancer Diagnosis?
Our nurse navigators are here to help you through your cancer journey.
Jill Geschke, RN, OCN
Breanna Nedved, BSN, RN, OCN
Call 402-481-7900
